Science Electives: Physics and Chemistry High-Frequency Topics
Gaokao Science stream students choose electives from Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (or replace Biology with Geography for some provincial schemes). Physics and Chemistry each contribute significantly to the total score โ typically 100 marks each in reformed Gaokao provincial schemes.
Physics (Gaokao high-frequency topics): Mechanics (Newton's laws, conservation of energy and momentum โ ๅฎๆๅฎๅพ are the most heavily tested; projectile motion; circular motion and centripetal acceleration); Electricity (Kirchhoff's laws, RC circuit charge/discharge, electromagnetic induction โ Faraday's law applied to moving rod and rotating coil generators); Optics (geometric optics โ lens/mirror formulae; physical optics โ diffraction, interference, polarisation, photoelectric effect). The highest-mark Physics ่งฃ็ญ้ข (typically the last two) require multi-step analysis combining multiple physics principles. A common format: 'A charged particle enters a combined electric and magnetic field region โ find the trajectory and exit velocity.' This requires simultaneously applying Lorentz force equations and energy conservation.
Chemistry (Gaokao high-frequency topics): Electrochemistry (ๅ็ตๆฑ and ็ต่งฃๆฑ โ galvanic and electrolytic cells; electrode reactions written as half-reactions; Faraday's law numerical calculations); Chemical Equilibrium (ๅนณ่กกๅธธๆฐ K, Le Chatelier's principle โ ๅๅค็นๅๅ็, shifting equilibrium by concentration/pressure/temperature changes); Reaction Rate (ๅฌๅๅ, concentration, temperature effects โ quantitative treatment with activation energy concept); Organic Chemistry (ๅฝๅ, functional group reactions โ ้ ฏๅ, ็ๅ, ๅ ๆ, ๆฐงๅ; polymer formation). Chemistry ่งฃ็ญ้ข follow a predictable multi-part format: experimental design โ yield calculation โ environmental/safety consideration โ each part independently marked.