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Young Plants Need Water, Sunlight, and Air to Grow · Growing and Changing · K-LS1-1 · plants

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Young Plants Need Water, Sunlight, and Air to Grow

with Lumi

A sunny backyard garden where Lumi kneels beside a small green seedling that has just poked up through the soil, holding a tiny watering can in one hand while sunlight streams warmly down through the leaves above.

Identify the three things a young plant needs to live and grow: water, sunlight, and air.
Explain what happens to a young plant when it gets enough water, sunlight, and air.
Compare a plant that gets water and sunlight to one that gets neither.
Predict whether a plant kept in a dark closet will grow well.

Key terms

seedling: A baby plant that has just sprouted from a seed.
sprout: When a seed first pushes out a root and shoot.
nutrients: Helpful bits in water and soil that plants use.
sunlight: Light from the sun that gives a plant energy.

From Seed To Seedling

A plant starts its life as a seed planted in the soil. Hidden underground, the seed uses food stored inside itself to push out a tiny root that grows down and a tiny shoot that grows up. When that little shoot finally pokes up through the soil into the light, we call it a seedling, which is just a baby plant. This is the very first step of a plant's growing journey.

The Three Things A Plant Needs

Once a seedling is above the ground, it needs three things to keep living and growing. It needs water, which the roots soak up from the soil to carry nutrients to the leaves. It needs sunlight, which gives the plant energy to make its own food inside its leaves. And it needs air, which the plant takes in through tiny holes in its leaves. All three work together to keep the plant healthy.

What Happens If One Is Missing

A plant truly needs all three of its helpers: water, sunlight, and air. If even one of them is missing, the plant will struggle to grow. A plant kept in a dark closet might still have water, but with no sunlight it cannot make food and will turn pale and weak. A plant with sunlight but no water will dry out. To grow tall and strong, a plant needs every one of the three.

Worked examples

What does a seed grow into first?

A seed is planted in the soil and uses its stored food.
It pushes out a tiny root downward and a tiny shoot upward.
When the shoot reaches the light, it becomes a seedling.

Answer: A seed grows into a seedling, a baby plant.

Will a watered plant in a dark closet grow well?

The plant has water, but a closet has no sunlight.
Without sunlight, the plant cannot make its own food.
A plant that cannot make food will not grow well, even with water.

Answer: No, it will not grow well because it has no sunlight.

Hi! I am Lumi. Today we are going to learn about young plants! A seed is planted in the soil. Underground, it uses the food stored inside itself to push out a tiny root and a tiny shoot. When that little shoot pokes up through the soil, we call it a seedling — a baby plant! Once the seedling is above the ground, it needs three things to keep living and growing. First, it needs WATER. Roots soak up water from the soil. Water carries important nutrients all the way up to the leaves. Second, it needs SUNLIGHT. Sunlight gives the plant energy to make its own food right inside its leaves. Without sunlight, the plant cannot make food and will stop growing. Third, it needs AIR. Plants take in air through tiny holes in their leaves. Underground, roots soak up water and the air found in spaces between soil particles. When a young plant gets all three — water, sunlight, and air — it grows taller and stronger every day! If the plant is missing even one of these three things, it will struggle to grow. So remember: water, sunlight, and air — all three!

Activity

Help the young plant grow! Drag each thing to the plant pot if it helps a young plant live and grow.

Practice

Tell what will happen to a plant that gets sunlight but no water.

Name the three things a young plant needs to grow well.

Common mistakes to avoid

A plant only needs water to growA plant needs water, sunlight, and air all together; water alone is not enough for it to grow well.
Plants grow faster in the darkPlants need sunlight to make food, so they grow weak and pale in the dark, not faster.

Check your understanding

What does a young plant need to live and grow?

Mia put her seedling in a dark closet with plenty of water. What will most likely happen?

Recap

A seed sprouts underground and pushes up a shoot to become a seedling. Once above the ground, a young plant needs water, sunlight, and air to grow taller and stronger, and it struggles if even one of the three is missing.

Reflect

What would you do to help a tiny seedling grow strong?