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Steps in Order: Make a Jam Sandwich · A program is a list of steps a computer follows one at a time, in order. · CSTA 1A-AP-10

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Steps in Order: Make a Jam Sandwich

with Byte

Byte the friendly robot stands at a sunny kitchen table, pointing at three picture cards that show how to make a jam sandwich step by step.

Name what a program is in simple words.
Put picture steps in the correct order, from first to last.
Explain that a computer does one step at a time and cannot skip ahead.
Show that changing the order of steps can break a program.
Follow a short list of steps in order to finish a task.

Key terms

program: a list of steps a computer follows one at a time
step: one single instruction inside a program
order: the position of each step, from first to last
sequence: a set of steps lined up to run in order

One Step at a Time

A computer is patient but very simple. It does exactly one step before it moves to the next. It reads step 1 and finishes it, then it reads step 2 and finishes that, and so on down the list. A computer never skips ahead to a step it likes better, and it never jumps backward. Because of this, the steps you write must be complete and clear, since the computer will only do what each step actually says.

Why the First Step Comes First

Each step often depends on the step before it. You cannot spread jam until you are holding the bread, and you cannot close the sandwich until the jam is on. This is why order matters so much. If you put the spread-jam step before the pick-up-bread step, the jam lands on the table and the sandwich is ruined. The right order makes sure every step has what it needs from the steps that came before it.

Worked examples

Put the jam sandwich steps in the right working order.

Ask what comes first: you need bread in your hand, so step 1 is pick up the bread.
Ask what comes next: now that you hold the bread, step 2 is spread the jam on it.
Ask what comes last: with jam on, step 3 is close the sandwich and eat it.

Answer: 1) Pick up the bread, 2) spread the jam, 3) close the sandwich and eat — that order makes a real sandwich.

Hi! I am Byte the robot. I do exactly what you tell me — but I can only do one thing at a time, and I always do them in order. A program is a list of steps. A computer reads step 1 first. Then, when step 1 is done, it reads step 2. Then step 3. The computer never skips ahead, and it never jumps back. One step at a time. In order. Let's make a jam sandwich! Step 1: pick up the bread. Step 2: spread the jam on the bread. Step 3: close the sandwich and eat it. The order matters! What if I spread the jam first, before I pick up the bread? The jam goes on the table. Yuck! That is what happens when steps are out of order — the program breaks. If you ever feel stuck, just ask: what comes first? Do that step. Then ask: what comes next? One step at a time, in order, always works!

Activity

Drag the sandwich steps into the right order, from first to last.

Practice

Write the three steps to brush your teeth in the correct order from first to last.

Tell what would go wrong if you put your shoes on before your socks.

Common mistakes to avoid

The order of steps does not matter.Order matters because each step often needs the result of the step that came before it.
A computer can guess the missing steps.A computer only does what each step says and cannot guess steps you forgot to write.

Check your understanding

What is a program?

Does the order of steps in a program matter?

Byte the robot reads a program that has 3 steps. Which step does Byte do first?

Recap

A program is a list of steps that a computer follows one at a time, always in order. It never skips ahead and never jumps back. Because each step often depends on the step before it, putting the steps in the right order is what makes the program finish the task correctly.

Reflect

Think of a task you do every morning: what is its very first step, and why?