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Pushes and Pulls Make Things Move · A push or a pull is a force that can start, stop, speed up, slow down, or change the direction of a moving object. · K-PS2-1

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Pushes and Pulls Make Things Move

with Lumi

Lumi the glowing little robot sits on a sunny floor, gently pushing a blue toy ball and pulling a red wagon by its rope.

Identify a push and a pull as kinds of force.
Describe how a push or pull can start or stop a moving object.
Explain how a force can make an object go faster or slower.
Show how a push or pull can change which way an object moves.

Key terms

force: a push or a pull that can move an object
push: a force that moves a thing away from you
pull: a force that brings a thing toward you
direction: the way that something is moving
speed up: to make something move faster than before

Pushes and Pulls Are Forces

Every push and every pull is a kind of force. A push sends an object away from you, like rolling a ball forward. A pull brings an object closer to you, like dragging a wagon by its rope. Forces are how we move things in the world, and we use our muscles to make them happen all day long.

Five Things a Force Can Do

A single force is powerful. It can start a still object moving, stop a moving object, make a moving object speed up, make it slow down, or change the direction it is going. Which one happens depends on how you push or pull. A push in the same direction speeds things up, while a push the opposite way slows them down.

Worked examples

A ball is rolling toward you and you push it from the side. What does the side push do?

The ball is already moving in one direction.
Your push comes from the side, not from in front or behind.
A side force pushes the ball onto a new path.

Answer: The side push changes the ball's direction so it goes a new way.

A ball sits still and you give it a gentle push. What happens?

The ball is not moving, so it needs a force to start.
Your push is a force in one direction.
The force starts the ball rolling, and it keeps rolling even after your hand lets go.

Answer: The push starts the ball moving.

Hi friend! I am Lumi. Today we play with pushes and pulls. A push moves a thing away from you. A pull brings a thing toward you. A push or a pull is called a force. Watch! When a ball is still, I give it a push. Now it rolls. A force can start a thing moving. The ball rolls fast. I put my hand in front of it and push back against it. Now it stops. A force pushing the other way can stop a moving thing. Want it to go faster? Push harder in the same direction! A big push makes it speed up. Want it to go slower? Push against it — push the opposite way — and it slows down. I can also push the ball from the side. Now it turns and goes a new way! A force can change the direction. So a push or a pull can start, stop, speed up, slow down, or turn a thing. If you feel stuck, just try pushing or pulling a toy and watch what happens!

Activity

Look at each toy — tell whether a push or a pull will move it, stop it, or change its direction.

Practice

What will happen if you push a still toy car hard?

Is dragging a wagon by its rope a push or a pull?

Common mistakes to avoid

An object only moves while you are touching it.Once a push gets it going, an object keeps moving even after your hand lets go.
A force can only start things, never stop them.A force can also stop a moving thing, like pressing your hand against a rolling ball.

Check your understanding

A ball is sitting still. You give it a push. What happens?

Which one is a pull?

A ball rolls past you. You push it from the side. What does the side push do?

A ball is rolling toward you. You reach out and push against it — pushing back the opposite way the ball is going. What happens to the ball?

Lin says, 'A force can only make things start moving. It can never stop a moving thing.' Is Lin right?

Recap

A push or a pull is a force. Forces can start a still object moving, stop a moving one, speed it up, slow it down, or change its direction. How you push or pull decides which of these five things happens to the object.

Reflect

Tell about a time you used a push or a pull today.