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Earth's Spin Makes Day Turn Into Night · Earth in Motion · 5-ESS1-2 · Earth rotation

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Earth's Spin Makes Day Turn Into Night

with Nova

Nova the astronomy guide stands on a rooftop at dusk, actively spinning a glowing globe with one hand while the other points at the orange horizon where the Sun is sinking, as the first stars begin to appear overhead.

Explain why the Sun appears to rise in the morning and set in the evening.
Identify that Earth rotates once every 24 hours, causing day and night.
Compare what the side of Earth facing the Sun experiences versus the side facing away.
Predict which part of Earth will next move into sunlight as the planet keeps spinning.
Describe rotation as a spin on an axis, using the globe model as evidence.

Key terms

Rotation: When Earth spins around like a top.
Axis: The imaginary line Earth spins around.
Daytime: The bright side facing the Sun.
Nighttime: The dark side away from the Sun.

Earth Spins Like A Top

Earth is always spinning, just like a top going around and around. We call this spinning rotation. Earth turns around an imaginary line through its middle called its axis. It takes 24 hours, which is one whole day, to spin all the way around one time. You are spinning too, but it feels still because everything turns together.

Where The Light Falls

Think of a flashlight shining on a ball. Only the part the light touches is bright. The side of Earth facing the Sun gets sunlight and has day. The side turned away is dark and has night. As Earth keeps spinning, your town turns into the light for sunrise and away from the light for sunset.

Worked examples

Your town spins to face away from the Sun. What happens?

The Sun cannot shine on your side anymore.
Your side of Earth is now in shadow.

Answer: It becomes nighttime in your town.

Hi, I'm Nova! Have you ever wondered why the Sun seems to "move" across the sky each day? Here's the secret — the Sun isn't actually moving. YOU are! Earth is always spinning like a giant top. We call this spinning motion ROTATION. Earth rotates around an imaginary line through its center called its AXIS. It takes exactly 24 hours — one full day — to spin all the way around once. As Earth spins, the side facing the Sun gets sunlight. That side has DAYTIME — it's bright and warm. The side facing away from the Sun is in shadow. That side has NIGHTTIME — it's dark and cool. The curved edge where day meets night — the shadow edge — sweeps slowly around Earth as it rotates. Think of a flashlight shining on a basketball. Only the part the light touches is bright. Now slowly spin the basketball. Different parts move in and out of the light — just like different places on Earth move in and out of sunlight as our planet rotates. When your hometown spins toward the Sun, you see sunrise. When it spins away, you see sunset. Meanwhile, people on the other side of Earth are waking up to their morning while you sleep! Remember: the Sun stays still (mostly! — it does move slowly through our galaxy, but that motion is so slow it has no effect on our day and night). Earth's spin is what causes day and night.

Activity

Spin the globe slowly and watch which side faces the Sun lamp — drag the globe to rotate Earth and see day and night change across the surface.

Practice

Explain why we have day and night each day.

Tell how long Earth takes to spin around once.

Common mistakes to avoid

Clouds make the night darkNight comes when your part of Earth spins away from the Sun.

Check your understanding

What causes day and night on Earth?

Your friend in Australia is having lunchtime right now. What time of day is it most likely to be for someone living in the United States at that same moment?

How long does it take Earth to complete one full rotation?

Recap

Earth spins on its axis one full time every 24 hours. The side facing the Sun has day, and the side turned away has night.

Reflect

Why are people across the world awake while you sleep?