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Other Travelers of the Solar System · Touring the Solar System · moons · asteroids

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Other Travelers of the Solar System

with Nova

Nova the astronomy guide floats beside a glowing model of the solar system, pointing excitedly at a bright comet with a streaming tail facing away from the Sun, a cluster of tumbling rocky asteroids, and Jupiter's moons spinning in neat circles nearby.

Identify three types of solar system objects besides planets: moons, asteroids, and comets.
Explain what makes a comet different from an asteroid in terms of what it is made of.
Describe what it means to orbit the Sun or a planet.
Compare where asteroids are mostly found versus where comets come from.
Predict what a comet looks like when it travels close to the Sun.

Key terms

Orbit: A curved path around the Sun.
Moon: A ball that orbits a planet.
Asteroid: A rocky chunk with no tail.
Comet: An icy ball that grows a tail.

Moons Circle Planets

A moon orbits a planet instead of the Sun directly. Earth has just one moon, but Jupiter has around 95 moons. Our Moon is a rocky ball, and it takes about 27 days to travel all the way around Earth one time. Moons come in many sizes, from tiny rocks to balls bigger than some planets.

Asteroids And Comets

Asteroids are chunks of rock and metal, and most of them tumble around the Sun in the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter. They are dry, with no ice and no tail. Comets are like dirty snowballs made of ice, dust, and rock. When a comet gets close to the Sun, the heat melts some ice into gas, making a glowing tail.

Worked examples

A comet flies close to the Sun. What will you see?

The Sun's heat turns some of the comet's ice into gas.
The gas and dust stream away from the Sun.

Answer: The comet grows a glowing tail that points away from the Sun.

Hey explorer, I'm Nova — and I have a secret to share: planets are not the only things traveling around the Sun! Our solar system is packed with other objects, and they all follow paths called orbits — curved loops around the Sun or around a planet. First, let's talk about MOONS. A moon orbits a planet, not the Sun directly. Earth has one moon. But Jupiter has around 95 moons! Our Moon is a rocky ball that takes about 27 days to go around Earth. Next come ASTEROIDS. These are chunks of rock and metal, most of them tumbling around the Sun between Mars and Jupiter in a region called the Asteroid Belt. They range from tiny pebbles to objects as wide as an entire U.S. state — that is huge! They are rocky and dry — no ice, no tail. Finally, meet COMETS. Comets are like dirty snowballs — a mix of ice, dust, and rock. They often come from the cold outer edges of the solar system. When a comet gets close to the Sun, the heat turns some of its ice into gas. That gas and dust stream away from the Sun to form a glowing tail. The bright tail faces away from the Sun — that is how you can always find which direction the Sun is when you look at a comet picture! Here is a handy hint: if it has a glowing tail near the Sun, it is a comet. If it is rocky with no tail, it is probably an asteroid. If it circles a planet, it is a moon.

Activity

Sort each space object into the correct group: Moon, Asteroid, or Comet.

Practice

Tell what makes a comet grow a glowing tail.

Explain how a moon is different from an asteroid.

Common mistakes to avoid

Comets and asteroids are the sameComets have ice and grow tails, but asteroids are dry rock with no tail.

Check your understanding

What causes a comet to grow a glowing tail?

A student says, 'Comets and asteroids are basically the same thing.' What is wrong with that idea?

Where are most asteroids in our solar system found?

Recap

Moons orbit planets, asteroids are dry rocks in the Asteroid Belt, and comets are icy snowballs that grow glowing tails when they fly near the Sun.

Reflect

Which space traveler would you most want to watch fly by?