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If-Then Decisions: How Programs Choose · Conditionals make a program choose different actions depending on whether something is true. · 1B-AP-10

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If-Then Decisions: How Programs Choose

with Byte

Byte the friendly robot walks down a glowing hallway toward a single door labeled THEN, pausing to read a yes-or-no sign before deciding whether to open it or walk past.

Define a condition as a yes-or-no question a program asks.
Identify that the then-action runs when a condition is true and is skipped when the condition is false.
Predict whether a program will take the then-action given a true or false condition.
Build a simple if-then rule using everyday situations.

Key terms

Condition: A yes-or-no question a program asks.
Then-action: What the program does when true.
True: The yes answer to a condition.
False: The no answer to a condition.

Asking a Yes-or-No Question

When a program reaches a choice, it asks a yes-or-no question called a condition. The answer is either true or false. The condition might be is it raining or is the cup empty. The answer to that one question decides whether the next special step happens or gets skipped along the way.

When True, Do the Action

If the condition is true, the program does the then-action right away. For example, if it is raining is true, then grab an umbrella. The then-action is the one special step that runs only when the answer is yes. So a true condition makes the action happen.

When False, Just Move On

If the condition is false, the program skips the then-action and keeps going. Nothing extra happens. There is no hidden second action waiting on the false side. A bare if-then has just one special action, and that action runs only when the answer to the question is yes.

Worked examples

Run: IF the light is green, THEN walk.

Ask the condition: is the light green? Say yes, so it is true.
Because it is true, do the then-action.

Answer: You walk across because the condition is true.

Run: IF it is cold, THEN wear a coat. It is warm.

Ask the condition: is it cold? The answer is no, so it is false.
Because it is false, skip the then-action.

Answer: You do not wear a coat, and the program moves on.

Hi, I am Byte! When I run a program, sometimes I reach a spot where I have to make a choice. I do this by asking a yes-or-no question called a condition. The answer controls what happens next. Here is how it works. I look at the condition and ask: is this true right now? If the answer is YES, I do the then-action right away. If the answer is NO, I skip the then-action and keep going — nothing extra happens, I just move on. For example: IF it is raining, THEN grab an umbrella. If it IS raining (true), I grab the umbrella. If it is NOT raining (false), I skip the umbrella step completely and continue with the rest of the program. There is no second action hiding on the false side. A bare if-then has just one special action — the then-action — and it only runs when the condition is true. If you ever feel stuck, just ask the yes-or-no question out loud and ask yourself: is this true or false right now?

Activity

Match each yes-or-no condition to the then-action that runs only when the answer is true.

Practice

Write an if-then rule about crossing the street safely.

Tell what happens to a then-action when the condition is false.

Common mistakes to avoid

The then-action always runsThe then-action runs only when the condition is true, not always.
A false condition runs a hidden stepA bare if-then has no extra step, so it just moves on.

Check your understanding

What is a condition in a program?

The rule says: IF it is cold, THEN wear a coat. It is NOT cold today. What does the program do?

An if-then rule says: IF the battery is low, THEN charge the phone. The battery is NOT low. What happens to the charge step?

Recap

A condition is a yes-or-no question a program asks. When the answer is true, the program does the then-action. When the answer is false, the program skips the then-action and simply keeps going to the next step.

Reflect

What yes-or-no question could start one of your own rules?