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Germ Detectives: How Tiny Bugs Spread · Tiny germs we cannot see can enter the body and make us sick, and they spread through coughs, touch, and dirty hands — but washing your hands and covering your cough stops them.

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Germ Detectives: How Tiny Bugs Spread

with Atlas

Atlas the friendly explorer crouches over a bright lab table, peering through a giant magnifying glass at a glowing petri dish covered in colorful cartoon germ blobs, eyes wide with excitement as three animated germs leap toward a cartoon doorknob nearby.

Define germs as particles or living things too small to see with just our eyes.
Describe three ways germs spread from person to person.
Recognize everyday objects and actions that carry germs to our hands and faces.
Explain one simple habit that stops germs from reaching our bodies.

Key terms

germ: a tiny living thing too small to see
microscope: a tool that makes tiny things look big
droplet: a tiny bit of spit that flies out
soap: a cleaner that breaks germs apart

Tiny Invisible Travelers

Germs are so small you cannot see them with just your eyes. You would need a special tool called a microscope. Even though they are tiny, germs can get inside your body and sometimes make you feel sick. They live on things we touch every day, like doorknobs and crayons, just waiting to hitch a ride to a new person.

Three Ways Germs Spread

Germs move around in three big ways. First, coughs and sneezes send tiny droplets flying through the air. Second, germs sit on shared things like crayons and used tissues, and we pick them up when we touch them. Third, dirty hands carry germs to our mouth, nose, and eyes. Knowing these paths helps you stop germs before they get inside.

Your Germ-Stopping Powers

The best news is that you can stop germs! Washing your hands with soap and water is your number-one power, because soap breaks germs apart so they wash down the drain. You can also cover your cough with your elbow and try not to touch your face. These small habits keep germs from reaching the inside of your body and keep your friends safe too.

Worked examples

How germs spread from a doorknob

A sick person touches the doorknob and leaves germs behind.
You touch the same doorknob and germs jump onto your hand.
If you touch your face, the germs get inside, so wash your hands first.

Answer: Germs travel from the doorknob to your hand to your face unless you wash your hands.

Stopping germs after you sneeze

Feel a sneeze coming and turn toward your elbow.
Cover your sneeze with your elbow so droplets stay trapped.
Wash your hands with soap so no germs spread to friends.

Answer: Cover with your elbow and wash your hands to stop the germs.

Hi, I am Atlas, your germ detective partner! Today we are going on a hunt for something invisible — germs! Germs are incredibly tiny particles or living things that you cannot see with just your eyes. You would need a special tool called a microscope to spot them. So how do these invisible travelers move around? Three big ways. First, when someone coughs or sneezes, tiny droplets fly into the air. Those droplets can carry germs right to the next person nearby. Second, germs hitch rides on things we touch every day — a doorknob, a shared crayon, a tissue that was already used. When we then touch our mouth, nose, or eyes, the germs get inside. Third, dirty hands are the biggest germ highway of all. Every time we touch our face without washing, we give germs a free trip in. Here is the great news, detective: you already know the most powerful germ-stopping move — washing your hands with soap and water! Soap breaks germs apart so they wash right down the drain. Covering a cough with your elbow and not touching your face are the other two moves in your detective toolkit. Not sure how germs travel? Picture the last time you touched a doorknob or shared a crayon — that is exactly the moment germs make their move. You have the power to stop them!

Activity

Sort each object or action into Spreads Germs or Stops Germs to help Atlas solve the case.

Practice

Name three ways that germs can spread to people.

What is the best way to stop germs on your hands?

Common mistakes to avoid

Germs are bugs we can seeGerms are far too tiny to see; you need a microscope to spot them.
All germs always make us sickMost germs do not make us sick; only certain harmful germs cause illness.

Check your understanding

What are germs?

A friend sneezes without covering her mouth. Which germ-spreading path has just opened up?

Maya thinks all germs always make people sick. Is she right?

Which action best stops germs from reaching the inside of your body?

Recap

Germs are tiny living things we cannot see, and they spread through coughs, shared objects, and dirty hands. Washing your hands with soap, covering coughs, and not touching your face all stop germs from getting in.

Reflect

When today could washing your hands stop germs from spreading?