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Pushes and Pulls: Forces Make Things Move · A force is a push or a pull, and forces can start, stop, or change the direction of an object's motion. · 3-PS2-1

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Prerequisite: Complete or review Push and Pull: Exploring Different Types of Forces; Use with parent or guardian controls for child learners

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Pushes and Pulls: Forces Make Things Move

with Lumi

Lumi the glowing firefly perches on a sunny park bench and gives a red toy wagon a big push, sending it rolling down the path

Define a force as a push or a pull on an object.
Identify everyday actions as either a push or a pull.
Describe how a force can start, stop, or change the direction of an object's motion.
Predict whether an object at rest will move when no force acts on it.

Key terms

force: a push or a pull on something
push: to press something away from you
pull: to drag something toward you
motion: when something is moving from place to place

Pushes and Pulls Everywhere

A force is just a push or a pull. When you press a doorbell, you push it. When you open a drawer, you pull it. Both of these are forces. If you look around, you will see pushes and pulls everywhere you go. Kicking, throwing, pressing, and tugging are all forces. A force does not need a fancy machine. Your own hands and feet make forces all day long without you even thinking about it.

Forces Change Motion

The big idea is that a force changes how something moves. A force can start a still thing moving, like kicking a soccer ball. A force can stop a moving thing, like a goalie catching the ball. A force can also change direction, like tapping a rolling marble from the side. A thing that is already moving keeps going until a force stops or turns it. A still thing stays still until a force acts on it.

Worked examples

A still soccer ball gets kicked and rolls forward. What did the kick do?

The ball was sitting still with no force on it.
A kick is a push, which is a force.
The force made the still ball start moving.

Answer: The kick started the ball moving because a force changes motion.

A wagon sits on flat ground and nobody touches it. What will it do?

There is no push or pull acting on the wagon.
A force is needed to change how something moves.
With no force, a still thing stays still.

Answer: The wagon stays still because no push or pull is acting on it.

Hi friend, I'm Lumi! Today we are going to talk about FORCES. A force sounds like a big word, but it is really simple: a force is just a push or a pull. That's it! When you press a doorbell, you PUSH it. When you open a drawer, you PULL it. Both are forces. Look around you and you will see pushes and pulls everywhere. Here is the most important thing about forces: a force is needed to CHANGE an object's motion. A force can START something moving, like when you kick a still soccer ball and it rolls away. A force can STOP something moving, like when a goalie catches that ball. A force can CHANGE the DIRECTION of motion, like when you bump a rolling marble from the side and it turns a new way. What about something that is already moving? It will KEEP moving on its own until a force stops it or turns it. For example, a ball rolling across the floor keeps rolling — it only slows down because the floor pushes back a little (we call that friction). The push happened earlier; the ball does not need a new push every second to stay rolling. So remember: forces change motion — they start it, stop it, or steer it. If you feel stuck, just ask: is there a push or a pull happening here? You will always find the answer!

Activity

Sort each everyday action into the PUSH group or the PULL group.

Practice

Name one push and one pull you did at home today.

Explain how a force can stop a ball that is rolling fast.

Common mistakes to avoid

still things move on their ownA still thing needs a push or pull before it can start moving.
a rolling ball speeds up by itselfAfter a kick, only friction and air act, and they slow the ball down.

Check your understanding

What is a force?

A soccer ball is sitting still. You kick it and it rolls forward. What did your kick do to the ball's motion?

A marble is rolling straight across the table. Your friend taps it gently from the side and it rolls in a new direction. What did the tap do?

A wagon is parked on flat ground. If nobody touches it and the ground is level, what will it do?

Recap

A force is a push or a pull, and forces are everywhere. A force can start something moving, stop it, or change its direction. A still thing stays still and a moving thing keeps going until a force acts to change its motion.

Reflect

Where did you use a push or a pull to move something today?