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Subjects and Verbs Must Match · Grammar That Works · CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.3.1.F · subject-verb agreement

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Subjects and Verbs Must Match

with Quill

A bright classroom library where Quill the feathered pen guide hovers over an open grammar book, drawing colorful arrows between subject and verb word cards pinned to a corkboard.

Identify the subject and verb in a simple sentence.
Explain how the subject's number determines the correct verb form.
Compare how a verb changes form when the subject switches from one naming noun to many.
Predict the correct verb form to complete a sentence with a given noun subject.
Spot a subject-verb mismatch and correct it.

Key terms

subject: who or what the sentence is about
verb: the action word in a sentence
singular: just one person or thing
plural: more than one person or thing

Subjects And Verbs

Every sentence has a subject and a verb. The subject is who or what the sentence is about. The verb is the action, like run, jump, or sing. These two must match each other, like good dance partners. When they match, the sentence sounds just right. When they do not match, the sentence sounds a little funny to your ears. So we want them to agree every time.

One Or Many

The big trick is to count the subject. Is it just one, or is it many? When the subject is one, like the dog, the verb adds an s, like runs. When the subject is many, like the dogs, the verb drops the s and stays as run. Watch out! Some words like children and people are already many, even without an s, so the verb still drops its s.

Worked examples

Pick the right verb form

Find the subject: the rabbit.
Count it: that is just one, so it is singular.
A singular subject needs the verb with an s: hops.

Answer: The rabbit hops

Hi, I am Quill! Today we are going to talk about one of the most important rules in grammar: subjects and verbs have to match — we call this subject-verb agreement. Every sentence has a subject (who or what the sentence is about) and a verb (the action or state). The subject's number — singular (one) or plural (more than one) — tells us which verb form to use. Here is the rule for naming-noun subjects: When the subject names ONE person or thing — like "the dog" or "Sara" — the present-tense verb adds -s or -es: "The dog runs. Sara writes." When the subject names MORE THAN ONE person or thing, the verb uses the base form with NO -s: "The dogs run. The students write." You can think of it like a seesaw: when most plural nouns gain -s (dogs, players, birds), the verb loses its -s (run). When the singular noun has no -s (dog), the verb gains one (runs). IMPORTANT: Some plural nouns do NOT end in -s — words like children, people, mice, and geese are already plural even without an -s ending. Because they are plural, the verb still uses the base form with no -s: "The children run." "The people vote." Do not let the missing -s fool you! Pronouns — words like he, she, it, they — are a separate word type that also acts as the subject. He, she, and it are singular and follow the same rule as singular naming nouns: "He runs. It sits." They is plural and follows the plural rule: "They run." A helpful hint: say your sentence out loud. Your ear will often catch when something sounds wrong — "The cats runs" sounds funny, right? That is your grammar instinct telling you the subject and verb do not match!

Activity

Drag each sentence card into the correct bin — Singular Subject or Plural Subject — based on the subject word in each sentence.

Practice

Choose the verb that matches the subject in each sentence.

Find the sentence that sounds wrong and fix the verb.

Common mistakes to avoid

No s means singularWords like children and people are plural even without an s ending.

Check your understanding

Which sentence uses the correct verb form?

Read the sentence: "The players ___ every morning." Which verb correctly completes the blank?

A student says: "The children runs to the swings." What is wrong with this sentence?

Recap

A subject and a verb must always match, like good dance partners. When the subject is one, the verb adds an s. When the subject is many, the verb drops the s. Say it out loud to check!

Reflect

What verb matches the subject I love today?