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Suffixes Change a Word's Job · Word Building · CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.4.B · suffixes

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Suffixes Change a Word's Job

with Quill

A cozy library workshop where Quill the writing guide stands at a tall chalkboard, snapping colorful word-ending tiles onto base words like puzzle pieces, watching the meanings transform before a group of curious students seated on beanbags.

Explain what a suffix is and where it is placed in a word.
Identify how adding -ful, -less, or -ly changes a word's meaning and its job (part of speech) in a sentence.
Compare the part of speech of a base word before and after a suffix is added.
Predict the meaning of an unfamiliar word by recognizing its suffix.
Build new words by correctly attaching suffixes to given base words.

Key terms

suffix: a word part added to the end
base word: the starting word before the ending
-ful: an ending that means full of
-less: an ending that means without

Endings With Jobs

A suffix is a small group of letters you snap onto the end of a word. It is like adding a tail to a kite. The suffix gives the word a new meaning and a new job to do in the sentence. Three handy suffixes are -ful, -less, and -ly. When you learn what each one means, you can guess the meaning of many big words all by yourself.

Full Less And Ly

The suffix -ful means full of. So careful means full of care. The suffix -less means without. So careless means without care. See how they are opposites? The suffix -ly tells you how something is done. So quickly tells you someone moved in a quick way. Look at the end of a tricky word first, and the suffix will give you a great big clue.

Worked examples

What does the word hopeless mean

Find the base word: hope.
Find the suffix at the end: -less.
Remember -less means without, so put it together.

Answer: hopeless means without hope

Hey there, word builders! I'm Quill, and I have a secret for you: one tiny ending can completely change what a word DOES in a sentence. That ending is called a suffix — it's a group of letters you snap onto the end of a base word. Today we're looking at three mighty suffixes: -ful, -less, and -ly. -FUL means "full of" or "having a lot of." Take the word CARE (a noun or verb). Add -ful and you get CAREFUL — now it's an adjective describing someone who has a lot of care. -LESS means "without." Take CARE again. Add -less and you get CARELESS — also an adjective, but the opposite meaning! Without care. -LY usually turns an adjective into an adverb — a word that describes HOW something is done. QUICK is an adjective. Add -ly and you get QUICKLY — now it tells you HOW someone moved. (Note: -ly can attach to some nouns to make adjectives, like FRIEND → FRIENDLY, but in today's lesson we focus on the adjective-to-adverb pattern.) Here's the big idea: the suffix changes the word's JOB in the sentence, not just its meaning. CARE can be a noun or a verb. CAREFUL and CARELESS are adjectives. QUICKLY is an adverb. Same base, different job every time! Hint: when you see an unknown word, look at the ending first. If you spot -ful, -less, or -ly, you already know a lot about what the word means.

Activity

Drag the correct suffix tile onto each base word to build a real word that fits the sentence. Only some suffix tiles work for each base word — try them and see which one makes a real English word.

Practice

Add -ful, -less, or -ly to each base word correctly.

Match each new word to the meaning that fits it.

Common mistakes to avoid

-ful and -less are alikeThe ending -ful means full of, but -less means without, so they are opposites.

Check your understanding

What happens to the word POWER when you add the suffix -ful to make POWERFUL?

A student writes: 'She ran quick to catch the bus.' Which change fixes this sentence?

Which word means 'without fear'?

Recap

A suffix is a small ending you add to a word to give it a new meaning and a new job. The ending -ful means full of, -less means without, and -ly tells how something is done. Look at endings for clues!

Reflect

What new word did you build with an ending?